Method and/or system for identifying information appliances

ABSTRACT

Methods and/or systems for identifying and/or representing information appliances on a communication system retrieve data sets and store signature data for later identification of individual information systems.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority from provisional patent application 60/603,501, Filed Aug. 20, 2004, which is incorporated herein by reference. This application is related to patent application Ser. No. 10/125,952, filed 18 Apr. 2002 and incorporated herein by reference.

COPYRIGHT NOTICE

Pursuant to 37 C.F.R. 1.71(e), Applicants note that a portion of this disclosure contains material that is subject to copyright protection (such as, but not limited to, source code listings, screen shots, user interfaces, or user instructions, or any other aspects of this submission for which copyright protection is or may be available in any jurisdiction). The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.

FIELD OF INVENTION

The present invention relates to a system and/or method of handling and/or managing resources in a data communication environment, such as data devices and/or information appliances communicating on a digital network. More specifically, the invention relates to a data method and/or system allowing identification of resources over a network that can repeatedly identify particular resources (e.g., information appliances or parts thereof, networks or parts thereof, or other resources that communicate using a network), even when various aspects of such resources may change over time.

BACKGROUND OF INVENTION

Large organizations generally have a need to have up-to-date information regarding information equipment and other resources that exist within the organization. For example, it may be necessary or useful to know which programs are installed on particular information appliances, which optional or accessory components are installed, which programs are actually in execution at any particular time, etc. In addition, other data, such as financial information is needed to understand characteristics such as costs being incurred by the organization by virtue of the existence and use of various resources. In various organizations, there may be interest in knowing costs to run a particular type of information appliance (e.g., a server) and/or an individual appliance.

Earlier tools exist that allow automatic detection of the type of operating system which exists on a computer at a particular network address, but these generally cannot detect the type of computer on which the operating system is running, the CPU speed, the chip set in use, the mounted file system, the files thereof that are accessible, or the application programs that are installed and in particular these systems typically lack the ability to reliably and repeatedly detect an individual system or other elements in an information system network, particularly when various aspects of such systems change over time.

Some earlier desktop signature systems create identification data (such as a signature) from software running on the system itself (rather than, for example, over a network) and do not have always the ability to positively identify the same system across hardware and software configuration changes. The purpose of these systems is often to restrict operating system software from running on any system that does not have the exact profile of the system where the operating system was installed.

SUMMARY OF INVENTION

General Characteristics and Advantages

The present invention in specific embodiments is involved with and enables methods and/or systems for identifying individual information appliances or devices in an institutional environment using a communication system. In particular embodiments, the invention is involved with and enables methods and/or systems for representing and/or managing and/or querying data in an information system that allows a data entity (herein, at times, referred to as a “signature” for an individual system or at other times referred to as a “data element”) to be developed for a system and further uses that data entity in other management and/or inventory functions.

According to specific embodiments of the invention, a data entity used as a signature can be understood as having two important properties: 1) uniqueness (or variance), e.g., the data elements or signatures of two distinct resources cannot generate a match. In other words, there should be sufficient variance between the data that makes up the signatures over all resources that will be analyzed and 2) persistence or stability, e.g., data elements or signatures extracted from the same information appliance at different times or different circumstances will match, even if the information appliance is upgraded or altered somewhat over time.

In selecting data to use as a signature, it is also desirable that different components of the signature data element have “independence,” where independence means that the components of the data entity (or signature) should contain un-correlated information. In other words, the data entity should not have any internal redundancy. For example, a signature that consists of the hard-drive id and the network card id meets the independence requirement reasonably well, because the two ids are usually not correlated: an upgrade to a hard-drive does not necessarily imply a different network card. However, CPU speed and CPU id, for example, are not independent, because upgrading the CPU will most likely change the CPU id and the speed.

In further embodiments, the invention is involved with and enables methods and/or systems for identifying an information system when one or more components are added and/or swapped from that system.

Thus various methods for data representation, data handling, data querying, data creating, and data reporting can be employed in specific embodiments. The invention can also be embodied as a computer system and/or program able to provide one or more data handling functions as described herein and/or can optionally be integrated with other components for capturing and/or preparing and/or displaying data such as bar code scanning systems, wireless inventory and/or tracking systems, network management systems, etc.

Various embodiments of the present invention provide methods and/or systems that can be implemented on a general purpose or special purpose information handling system using a suitable programming language such as Java, C++, Cobol, C, Pascal, Fortran, PL1, LISP, assembly, SQL, etc., and any suitable data or formatting specifications, such as HTML, XML, dHTML, tab-delimited text, binary, etc. In the interest of clarity, not all features of an actual implementation are described in this specification. It will be understood that in the development of any such actual implementation (as in any software development project), numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made to achieve the developers' specific goals and subgoals, such as compliance with system-related and/or business-related constraints, which will vary from one implementation to another. Moreover, it will be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time-consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking of software engineering for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure.

The invention and various specific aspects and embodiments will be better understood with reference to the following drawings and detailed descriptions. For purposes of clarity, this discussion refers to devices, methods, and concepts in terms of specific examples. However, the invention and aspects thereof may have applications to a variety of types of devices and systems.

Furthermore, it is well known in the art that logic systems and methods such as described herein can include a variety of different components and different functions in a modular fashion. Different embodiments of the invention can include different mixtures of elements and functions and may group various functions as parts of various elements. For purposes of clarity, the invention is described in terms of systems that include many different innovative components and innovative combinations of innovative components and known components. No inference should be taken to limit the invention to combinations containing all of the innovative components listed in any illustrative embodiment in this specification.

When used herein, “the invention” should be understood to indicate one or more specific embodiments of the invention. Many variations according to the invention will be understood from the teachings herein to those of skill in the art.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the current invention in a network environment.

FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating steps of creating a signature according to specific embodiments of the invention.

FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating steps of using matching rules to compare data elements according to specific embodiments of the invention.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example source code listing showing example matching rules according to specific embodiments of the invention.

FIGS. 5A-C illustrate example source code listings showing a source code listing showing an example match rule firing logic module according to specific embodiments of the invention.

FIG. 6 is a table illustrating an example attribute set and example values according to specific embodiments of the invention.

FIG. 7 is a table illustrating an example of using different attribute sets for different operating systems according to specific embodiments of the invention.

FIG. 8 is a table illustrating four example matching rules according to specific embodiments of the invention.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a representative example logic device in which various aspects of the present invention may be embodied.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

Overview

Patent application Ser. No. 10/125,952, filed 18 Apr. 2002 and incorporated herein by reference, discusses systems and methods allowing for the gathering, storing, and managing of various assets in an organization or enterprise. An example inventory system discussed in that application used a communication media, such as an email system and/or computer network, to automatically gather information about assets of an organization and perform various management and inventory functions regarding those assets.

Example systems discussed therein used a data repository structure having elements and attributes, as well as fingerprint modules, collection rules, and other components, to automate much of the data collection of assets within the system.

The present invention is related to systems and/or methods that allow a computerized inventory system to identify individual resources (such as computer systems, networks, other information enabled devices, etc.) in a automatic inventory discovery system and keep track of or maintain the identity of those individual items as various characteristics of the assets change over time. The invention can be embodied as part of a system such as that described in Ser. No. 10/125,952 or in other types of computerized inventory systems.

In specific embodiments, the invention can be understood as involving deployment of one or more matching rules in a computerized inventory system. Matching rules provide a powerful way to relate characteristics of external resources to data elements and attributes or signatures stored in an inventory information repository. Matching rules can be simple in some embodiments and/or in some situations, but may be complex and nested according to specific embodiments and as various situations and/or applications require.

In alternative embodiments, the invention can be understood as involving development of signatures for external resources and storing those signatures in a data store. Signatures, according to specific embodiments of the invention, are multiple part and capable of partially matching to external elements and furthermore capable of being updated to represent newly available external data or modified external characteristics.

In order to provide an easier description, the present invention will at times herein be described in the context of a system such as one or more of those described in patent application Ser. No. 10/125,952. The invention is not limited to such systems, however, and can be used in other types of inventory applications. Furthermore, the terminology used in that application should not be used to limit terms as used herein.

For ease of understanding this discussion, the following discussion of terms is provided to further describe terms used herein. These descriptions should not be taken as limiting.

A data element or element for purposes of this description can be understood as a data object within an inventory data repository. In some situations, an element can be generally understood to represent an external asset. One or more attributes having assignable values can be associated with a data element. An element once created or instantiated or added to a data repository system generally persists in the system until it is explicitly removed or possibly joined to another element. An element generally has a unique element_id within the data repository system, and this element_id is independent of any external asset to which the element relates. An element can have various relationships to other elements, for example as parent, child, sibling.

As an example, an individual computer system might have an element structure as follows: Attribute Name Attribute Value Element_Name: ComputerA IP_ADDR_1: 10.1.1.1 NIC_MAC_ADDR: 00:E0:81:24:B7:1C HD_serial_number: SK434xzh OS_serial_number: 83084dd3

A signature as used for purposes of this description can be understood as a data entity (such as a data element as just described) and/or data method for uniquely and repeatably identifying a particular asset (such as a single computer server system) even after some modification of the asset or change of circumstances. According to specific embodiments of the invention, particular types of data elements can be used as signatures. In other embodiments, signatures can be implemented in other ways, such as using hashing functions or combined values, etc.

Attributes and their attribute values are important subparts of data elements. The particular attributes defined for a data element may be determined by a detected nature of that data element, such as the operating system and may change over time as different types of information are collected or become available for a particular external resource.

OPERATION EXAMPLES

FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the current invention in a network environment. According to specific embodiments of the invention, the invention resides in an information processing logic execution environment, such as system 100, having processor 120, scan/query process 130, a data storage 150, a user interface module 110, communications module 140, and optionally a management console 180. In such an environment, scan/query process 130 is able to scan or probe for possible resources 190 over a network 160. This configuration represents just one possible simple logic execution and network environment, and many others are suitable, as will be understood to those of skill in the art.

According to specific embodiments of the invention, the invention involves using a network inventory system with one or more matching rules. Matching rules allow a collected data set to be compared against one or more stored data elements in order repeatably to detect a particular external resource.

The following straightforward example illustrates how matching rules according to specific embodiments of the invention eliminates double counting of machines.

Example #1 Comparing Scan Results to Stored Data

In a first example, consider a situation of a local area network for which it is desired to build a data representation of all available devices using an automatic detection and/or inventory system. According to specific embodiments of the invention, an inventory system includes a data repository with an interface (for example, a data repository such as described in patent application Ser. No. 10/429,270 filed 2 May 2003), an ability to scan the network to detect responding addresses and make certain queries of devices found at those addresses, and one or more matching rules. In this example, a simple matching rule is that a detected external resource matches a stored element if at least two out of the following three conditions are met:

-   -   a. the MAC address of the primary network card detected for the         resource is identical to a corresponding attribute value for the         stored element;     -   b. the serial number of the main disk drive detected for the         resource is identical to a corresponding attribute value for the         stored element;     -   c. the serial number reported by the operating system of the         resource is identical to a corresponding attribute value for the         stored element.

In this particular example, this matching rule can be considered to allow for a partial match. In specific embodiments, a system according to the invention may keep track of whether a matching rule results in a partial match or a complete match. In other embodiments, a matching rule may just detect and flag a match and not keep track of whether it is partial or complete.

Matching rules according to specific embodiments of the invention can be simple or complex and development of various matching rules is within the skill of practitioners in the art. In some embodiments, matching rules can include different weights given to different components, so that a match is always found if two highly weighted attributes match, for example, but is not found if only two lesser weighted attributes match.

In further embodiments, matching rules and associated rules can perform additional processing when it is determined that an attribute of a signature data element has changed. For example, if a network card with a particular address that was previously identified in a particular server is not detected on a future scan, a system according to the invention can search current scan records to determine if that network card has been moved to or identified with another server. This can be used by the invention as an indication that there could be two servers with nearly the same signature that could be getting confused, or possibly one server that is being counted twice, and would therefore require further investigation. If the network card is seen to disappear on a given asset and is replaced by a new card and does not show up anywhere else in the infrastructure, at some point after one or more scans the invention may determine that it has been replaced and delete it from the data representation of the assets.

With a logical matching routine present, an inventory system according to specific embodiments scans or otherwise determines the active addresses in the particular network or domain of interest. Various methods and/or techniques for scanning, for example, all active network addresses are known in the art and may be used according to specific embodiments of the invention. In this case, for example, scan results might detect active addresses 10.1.1.1 and 10.1.13.25 and further queries would determine the information as indicated in Table 1. TABLE 1 SCAN RESULTS IP ADDRESS 10.1.1.1 10.5.13.25 network card MAC 00:E0:81:24:B7:1C 00:80:AB:29:C3:78 address disk driver serial SK434xzh MD40009234 number OS serial number 83084dd3 f974df56

TABLE 2 KNOWN DEVICES IP ADDRESS 10.1.1.1: network card MAC 00:E0:81:24:B7:1C address disk driver serial SK434xzh number OS serial number 83084dd3

With this information, an inventory system according to specific embodiments of the invention then compares each responding network address with every “known” device (e.g., a known device system in specific embodiments can be defined as every device for which an element is created and stored and retrievable from a data repository, for example as shown in Table 2) and uses the example matching rule provided above. In this case, the comparison might proceed as follows:

(1) Compare IP address value “10.1.1.1” against known devices (in this simple example, one at this point). In this case, using the matching rule above, indicates that 10.1.1.1 matches the existing element and the matching process proceeds to the next scanned device.

(2) Compare 10.5.13.25 against all known device elements using the matching rule. Since there is no match, the invention creates a new device data element and set the data element's attribute values to the information learned from the scan (e.g., the MAC address and serial numbers) to those collected from address 10.5.23.25.

Example #2 Identifying a Device that has Changed Over Time

In a further example, consider network scan data on a particular date (e.g., January 1 of the year) with the following response:

from IP address 10.1.1.1:

-   -   network card MAC address=“00:E0:81:24:B7:1C”     -   disk driver serial number=“SK434xzh”     -   OS serial number=“83084dd3”

If there are other device elements stored, the invention then examines them using a matching rule such as the example described and if there is no match (for example because this is the first device), the invention creates a new device element and sets the device element's attribute values (i.e., the MAC address and serial numbers) to those from 10.1.1.1.

On January 5, the network card of 10.1.1.1 is replaced with a faster network card. The new network card has the MAC address ”00:E0:81:24:FF:EE”. On January 10, a network scan using the data repository built from the January 1 proceeds as follows:

(1) if necessary, load device identification method(s) (e.g., fingerprints described in related patent applications)

(2) detect a live IP address at 10.1.1.1

(3) determine that IP address 10.1.1.1 runs HP-UX (for example using a fingerprint system as described in above referenced patent applications)

(4) attempt to collect attribute information from each system, such as network card MAC address, disk drive serial number, and operating system serial number.

For example, from 10.1.1.1:

-   -   network card MAC address=“00:E0:81:24:FF:EE” (different from         previous scan)     -   disk driver serial number=“SK434xzh”     -   OS serial number=“83084dd3”

(5) Examine known device data elements and determine if currently collected data matches an existing device data using the example matching rule described above;

(6) Compare 10.1.1.1 against the data element/signature created from the January 1 scan. With an appropriate matching rule, match on two out of the three attributes (disk drive serial number and OS serial number) and thus conclude that the newly collected data is from the same external device.

(7) Update the stored attributes with the latest values collected from 10.1.1.1. the device's network card MAC address attribute is set to “00:E0:81:24:FF:EE”.

As a further example, on January 15, the hard drive on 10.1.1.1 is replaced or updated, causing a new hard driver serial number “GX152248”. On January 20, another network scan collects attribute data from 10.1.1.1 and a matching rule determines that the element should again be updated.

Using Elements as Signatures

In further embodiments, the invention can be understood as a mechanism for using data elements records, with their associated attributes, as signatures to identify particular devices. As with the description above, matching rules as those described can be used to determine with signatures that include some variation in fact match the same device or are related to different devices.

Thus, according to specific embodiments, the present invention can also be understood as involving a method that can be executed on a computer system. Methods according to the invention can be characterized in terms of data elements and/or signature analysis. Thus, FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating steps of creating a signature according to specific embodiments of the invention. Alternatively, FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating steps of using matching rules to compare data elements according to specific embodiments of the invention.

Using Other Values as Signatures

As a further example, a number of other values can be used as signature data sets according to specific embodiments of the invention. For example, in networked environments, it might be the case that one or more types of network requests typically generates a response packet having particular values. In such cases, the response packets can either be stored as signature data or can be combined or hashed into more standardized values.

In such a case, a signature can be developed and stored as either a group or a sequence of numerical data. For example, a signature might be composed of ten order four-byte numbers, one representing an IP address for a system, one representing a hash value derived from an operating system serial number of a system, one representing a reported hard disk serial number, etc. In this case, as with above, partial matches may be allowed on some subset of the signature data, and the stored signature updated with new data. This type of updateable hashed value signature may be used instead of or in conjunction with a multipart data element as described above in specific embodiments.

Thus, as an example, the attribute data shown in the table below can be transformed and stored into a signature data value as follows. IP ADDRESS 10.1.1.1 SD1: 10.1.1.1 network card 00:E0:81:24:B7:1C SD2: 0.224.129.36 MAC address SD3: 183.28.0.0 disk driver serial SK434xzh SD4: 198.234.17.65 number OS serial number 83084dd3 SD5: 139.44.68.15 In this example, various data collected from a resource has been converted into five, 32 bit signature date words. This conversion can be by a variety of means, including various conversion and/or hash functions, as will be understood in the art.

SOURCE CODE EXAMPLES

To provide further illustrations of specific example implementations, FIG. 4 illustrates an example source code listing showing example matching rules according to specific embodiments of the invention. In this example, a match rule includes code for creating a new device element if no match is found and also includes code for updating a device element when new attribute data is available.

FIGS. 5A-C illustrate example source code listings showing a source code listing showing an example match rule firing logic module according to specific embodiments of the invention. In this example, a set of different matching rules are compared against collected data until a match, partial match, no match, or error conclusion is reached. According to this specific example, collected source element attributes are matched against one or more stored data elements until an exact or partial match is found. If neither is found, a new element is created as discussed above. Partial matches can result in updating attribute data as discussed above.

FIG. 6 is a table illustrating an example attribute set and example values according to specific embodiments of the invention. In this example, attributes are selected from various hardware serial numbers, as well as network addresses, reboot time stamps, OS characteristics, etc. This table is provided as an example only, and different attributes can be use in different embodiments. For example, FIG. 7 is a table illustrating an example of using different attribute sets for different operating systems according to specific embodiments of the invention.

FIG. 8 is a table illustrating four example matching rules according to specific embodiments of the invention. This table provides summaries of the matching rules. In these examples, each matching rule specifies which attributes are considered, how many attributes must be available to attempt to determine a match and how many attributes must match. More complex matching rules, as described herein can also be employed in specific embodiments. Note as indicated in this example, according to specific embodiments of the invention, there can be as many matching rules as required for a given type of resource. For example, for personal computers, there can be separate matching rules for each type of operating system, based on the data likely to be available for that operating system and the uniqueness, persistence, and independence of that data.

Embodiments in a Programmed Information Appliance

FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a representative example logic device in which various aspects of the present invention may be embodied. As will be understood to practitioners in the art from the teachings provided herein, the invention can be implemented in hardware and/or software. In some embodiments of the invention, different aspects of the invention can be implemented in either client-side logic or server-side logic. As will be understood in the art, the invention or components thereof may be embodied in a fixed media program component containing logic instructions and/or data that when loaded into an appropriately configured computing device cause that device to perform according to the invention. As will be understood in the art, a fixed media containing logic instructions may be delivered to a user on a fixed media for physically loading into a users computer or a fixed media containing logic instructions may reside on a remote server that a user accesses through a communication medium in order to download a program component.

FIG. 9 shows an information appliance (or digital device) 700 that may be understood as a logical apparatus that can read instructions from media 717 and/or network port 719, which can optionally be connected to server 720 having fixed media 722. Apparatus 700 can thereafter use those instructions to direct server or client logic, as understood in the art, to embody aspects of the invention. One type of logical apparatus that may embody the invention is a computer system as illustrated in 700, containing CPU 707, optional input devices 709 and 711, disk drives 715 and optional monitor 705. Fixed media 717, or fixed media 722 over port 719, may be used to program such a system and may represent a disk-type optical or magnetic media, magnetic tape, solid state dynamic or static memory, etc. In specific embodiments, the invention may be embodied in whole or in part as software recorded on this fixed media. Communication port 719 may also be used to initially receive instructions that are used to program such a system and may represent any type of communication connection.

The invention also may be embodied in whole or in part within the circuitry of an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or a programmable logic device (PLD). In such a case, the invention may be embodied in a computer understandable descriptor language, which may be used to create an ASIC, or PLD that operates as herein described.

Other Embodiments

The foregoing described embodiments of the invention are provided as illustrations and descriptions. They are not intended to limit the invention to precise forms described. In particular, the applicant contemplates that functional implementation of invention described herein may be implemented equivalently in hardware, software, firmware, or other available functional components or building blocks. Furthermore, the specific discussions of data nodes and type nodes is not meant to preclude the possibility that the current invention may use, manage and/or operate on one or more different varieties of nodes. Other variations and embodiments are possible in light of above teachings, and it is thus intended that the scope of invention not be limited by this detailed description, but rather by claims following.

The invention has now been described with reference to specific embodiments. Other embodiments will be apparent to those of skill in the art. In particular, an information appliance has generally been illustrated as a personal computer. However, the devices discussed herein can include any information appliance for interacting with a remote data application, and could include such devices as a digitally enabled television, cell phone, personal digital assistant, laboratory or manufacturing equipment, etc. It is understood that the examples and embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes and that various modifications or changes in light thereof will be suggested by the teachings herein to persons skilled in the art and are to be included within the spirit and purview of this application and scope of the claims.

All publications, patents, and patent applications cited herein or filed with this application, including any references filed as part of an Information Disclosure Statement, are incorporated by reference in their entirety. 

1. A method of managing one or more information resources on a communications medium comprising: fetching a plurality of characteristics of an information resource over a network at a manager information system; creating a signature data set for said information resource; storing said signature data set at said manager information system; and subsequently using said signature data set to uniquely identify said information resource.
 2. The method of claim 1 further wherein: said subsequently using comprises: fetching a second plurality of characteristics of a to be identified information resource over a network; and matching said second plurality of characteristics to one or more stored signature data sets.
 3. The method of claim 2 further wherein said matching can comprise partial matching or identical matching.
 4. The method of claim 3 further comprising: if said matching is a partial matching, updating said signature data using newly acquired characteristic data.
 5. The method of claim 3 further comprising: assigning weighing factors to one or more of said plurality of characteristics; using said weighing factors in said matching.
 6. The method of claim 2 wherein an identified resource is linked to stored network characteristics, such as associated IP addresses, hostnames, networks, data centers, etc.
 7. The method of claim 2 wherein an identified resource is linked to stored financial information associated with the resource, such as fixed asset entries, invoices, purchase orders, contracts, licenses, etc.
 8. The method of claim 2 wherein an identified resource is linked to stored other information for the resource, such as regions, divisions, managers, service contracts, etc.
 9. The method of claim 8 wherein links associated with an identified resource are maintained over multiple discovery instances.
 10. The method of claim 2 wherein a history of signatures for a resource and associations of that system with related information is maintained in a database for querying and viewing.
 11. The method of claim 2 further comprising: detecting when said second plurality of characteristics varies from characteristics indicated by said signature data set; adjusting said signature data set by updating the signature data store.
 12. The method of claim 2 further comprising: periodically fetching and comparing said second plurality of characteristics to said signature data set; updating said signature data set when said comparing indicates a difference.
 13. The method of claim 2 wherein said periodically fetching and comparing is done at a regular interval.
 14. The method of claim 13 wherein regular interval comprises one of: hourly; daily; weekly; monthly; bimonthly; quarterly; semi-annually; or annually.
 15. The method of claim 1 further wherein said plurality of characteristics comprise two or more of: a network adaptor card serial number; an Ethernet address; a CPU serial number; an operating system identification/registration number; a CPU clock speed; installed memory identifications; and installed hard disk drive identifications.
 16. The method of claim 2 further wherein: said comparing comprises comparing separable portions of said signature such that a match on a majority of said signature data set indicates an identification of an individual information system.
 17. The method of claim 2 further wherein: said signature data comprises as standardized set of integer values derived from said characteristics.
 18. The method of claim 2 further wherein: said signature data comprises as multi-part stored data element representative of said resource and collected external characteristics.
 19. The method of claim 1 further comprising: using fingerprint logic to determine a type or nature of an external resource; and using said type or nature to perform said fetching and said matching.
 20. The method of claim 2 further comprising: assigning a unique device id to an external resource, said id being a value determined by the system to not match any other id known to the system; storing said unique id on the external resource where allowed by said external resource; and using said unique id when available in said matching.
 21. A system able to uniquely identify multiple information appliances comprising: a communication interface to a communication network; a query process able to request and receive data from multiple information appliances on said network; a signature data set generation process able to generate unique signature data sets for storage; and a comparison process able to compare received data with stored signature data sets.
 22. The system of claim 21 further comprising: a partial matching process that uses matching rules.
 23. A computer readable medium containing computer interpretable instructions describing a circuit layout for an integrated circuit that, when constructed according to said descriptions, will configure a circuit to embody the apparatus described in claim
 21. 24. A computer readable medium containing computer interpretable instructions that when loaded into an appropriately configuration information processing device will cause the device to operate in accordance with the method of claim
 1. 